The weight loss.

Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist originally developed for type 2 diabetes (Ozempic) and later approved for weight management (Wegovy).

Tirzepatide is a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Eli Lilly.

Liraglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Novo Nordisk, FDA-approved as Victoza for type 2 diabetes (2010) and Saxenda for weight management (2014).

Tesamorelin is a synthetic GHRH analog that is FDA-approved (as Egrifta) for the treatment of HIV-associated lipodystrophy (excess abdominal fat).

AOD-9604 is a modified fragment of human growth hormone (amino acids 177-191) that was developed to isolate the fat-loss effects of GH without the growth-promoting or diabetogenic effects.

MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) encoded within the 12S rRNA gene of mitochondrial DNA.

Retatrutide (LY3437943) is Eli Lilly's investigational triple hormone receptor agonist targeting GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors simultaneously.

Exenatide is a synthetic version of exendin-4, a naturally occurring peptide found in the venom of the Gila monster lizard.

Dulaglutide is a once-weekly injectable GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Eli Lilly and FDA-approved in 2014.

VK2735 is a novel synthetic dual agonist of the GLP-1 and GIP receptors developed by Viking Therapeutics for treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders.

Lixisenatide is a once-daily short-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist derived from exendin-4, modified at the C-terminus with deletion of one proline and addition of six lysine residues.

Pramlintide (brand: Symlin) is a synthetic analog of human amylin, a hormone co-secreted with insulin by pancreatic beta cells.

Cagrilintide is a long-acting synthetic amylin analog developed by Novo Nordisk, designed for once-weekly subcutaneous dosing.

Peptide YY (PYY) is a 36-amino acid endogenous gut hormone released from L-cells of the distal intestine in proportion to caloric intake.

Survodutide (BI 456906) is a dual glucagon receptor (GCGR) and GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist developed by Boehringer Ingelheim and Zealand Pharma.

Orforglipron (LY3502970) is an oral, once-daily, non-peptide small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Eli Lilly (originally discovered by Chugai Pharmaceutical).

Mazdutide (IBI362, LY3305677) is a once-weekly dual GLP-1 receptor and glucagon receptor agonist developed by Innovent Biologics in partnership with Eli Lilly, modeled on mammalian oxyntomodulin.

CagriSema is a fixed-dose co-formulation combining cagrilintide (a long-acting amylin analogue) and semaglutide (a GLP-1 receptor agonist), both at 2.

GIP (Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide) is a 42-amino acid incretin hormone secreted by enteroendocrine K-cells in the duodenum and jejunum in response to dietary fat and carbohydrates.

Amylin (IAPP) is a 37-amino acid peptide hormone co-secreted with insulin from pancreatic beta cells in approximately a 100:1 ratio (insulin:amylin).

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino acid neuropeptide and one of the most abundant neuropeptides in the mammalian central nervous system.

Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid acylated peptide hormone primarily secreted by oxyntic cells in the gastric fundus.

Nesfatin-1 is an 82-amino acid satiety peptide derived from the N-terminal region of the 396-amino acid precursor protein nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2).

Obestatin is a 23-amino acid peptide encoded by the same preproghrelin gene that produces ghrelin, discovered in 2005.