Overview
Octreotide is a synthetic octapeptide analogue of the natural hormone somatostatin, FDA-approved for the treatment of acromegaly, carcinoid tumor-related diarrhea, and vasoactive intestinal peptide-secreting tumors (VIPomas). It is far more potent and longer-acting than endogenous somatostatin and is used worldwide in clinical endocrinology and gastroenterology.
Mechanism of action
Octreotide binds preferentially to somatostatin receptors SSTR2 and SSTR5, mimicking the inhibitory actions of endogenous somatostatin but with significantly greater potency and duration. It suppresses secretion of growth hormone (GH), IGF-1, insulin, glucagon, gastrin, secretin, motilin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and serotonin. By reducing splanchnic blood flow, it also decreases portal hypertension. In acromegaly, it normalizes GH levels in approximately 50% of patients and IGF-1 in 50–60%. Its mechanism involves Gi protein-coupled receptor signaling that decreases intracellular cAMP, reduces calcium influx, and opens potassium channels, collectively suppressing hormone exocytosis from secretory cells.
Dosing protocols
| Purpose | Route | Dosage | Frequency | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| acromegaly | subcutaneous | 50–600 mcg | three times daily | Start at 50 mcg TID; titrate based on GH/IGF-1 response. Maximum 1500 mcg/day. |
| carcinoid tumors / VIPoma | subcutaneous | 100–600 mcg | two to three times daily | Start at 100–600 mcg/day in 2–4 divided doses. Adjust based on symptom control. |
| long-acting (Sandostatin LAR) | intramuscular | 10–30 mg | once every 28 days | After stabilization on SC octreotide. Switch to LAR 20 mg IM monthly; adjust to 10 or 30 mg based on response. |
Dosing information is for educational purposes only. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before using any peptide.
Research summary
Octreotide has been extensively studied across decades of clinical trials supporting its FDA-approved indications. In acromegaly, it reduces GH to normal in ~50% of patients and shrinks pituitary tumors in many cases. In carcinoid syndrome, it significantly reduces diarrhea and flushing episodes. Long-acting formulations (Sandostatin LAR) dosed monthly have equivalent efficacy to thrice-daily injections. Off-label use includes GI bleeding and dumping syndrome with supporting clinical evidence.
Side effects
Side effects vary by individual. This is not an exhaustive list. Report unusual symptoms to a healthcare professional.
Common stacks
Peptides commonly paired with Octreotide for synergistic effects.
Legal status
FDA-approved drug (NDA 019667, first approved 1988). Available only by prescription as Sandostatin injection and Sandostatin LAR depot. Administered in clinical or hospital settings; not available as a research chemical.
Where to get it
Prescription required
Octreotide is a prescription medication. Consult your healthcare provider or a licensed telehealth platform for access.